Guwahati: A team of scientists has raised a fresh ecological red flag for Deepor Beel, confirming the presence of an invasive exotic fish—the suckermouth armoured catfish (Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus)—in the globally significant wetland.
The study, authored by Pritam Das, Asha T. Landge, B. B. Nayak, K. K. Ramteke, B. C. Ray, B. K. Das, S. K. Majhi, and Simanku Borah, and published in Current Science, marks the first recorded occurrence of the species in Deepor Beel, raising concerns over its potential ecological impact.
Researchers collected 12 specimens between June and November 2024, confirming that the species has already established itself within the wetland ecosystem.
Native to the Madeira river basin in Latin America, particularly Bolivia and Brazil, Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus has been reported from several Indian river systems in recent years. Its distinctive appearance, scavenging behaviour, and remarkable adaptability have enabled it to spread far beyond its natural habitat.
The authors warn that this catfish species is among the most harmful invasive freshwater fishes globally, capable of outcompeting native species, feeding on fish eggs, and altering habitat conditions. Its presence poses a serious threat to the rich aquatic biodiversity of Deepor Beel.
Its high adaptability and rapid reproduction further heighten the risk, allowing it to colonise new environments quickly and dominate local ecosystems.
The study suggests that the species likely entered the wetland through the aquarium trade, where it is widely kept as an ornamental fish. It may have been released—either accidentally or deliberately—into natural water bodies.
“Given the interconnectedness of these water systems and the close proximity of the two regions, there is a strong possibility that the species might have entered Assam from Bangladesh,” the researchers said.
While confirming its presence, the authors stressed the urgent need for detailed ecological and socio-economic assessments to fully understand the scale of the threat.
With Deepor Beel already under environmental stress, the researchers cautioned that the introduction of such an invasive species could accelerate biodiversity loss unless immediate monitoring and management interventions are put in place.
The findings underscore a broader concern: even protected wetlands are increasingly vulnerable to biological invasions, highlighting the need for stricter regulation of exotic species and greater public awareness.
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