A new study by researchers from the National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela and the Azerbaijan State University of Economics has found that the use of digital technology and renewable energy can significantly enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability in developing countries.
The research, published in the journal Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, analysed data from 27 developing nations, including India, China, Pakistan, and Ghana, covering the years 2000 to 2021. The study examined the impact of internet access, mobile connectivity, renewable energy, fertiliser use, and land resources on food production.
The findings show that internet use, mobile phones, and renewable energy each contribute positively to agricultural output. However, their combined impact can be less effective in areas where rural infrastructure, electricity supply, and digital literacy remain weak.
Speaking about the study, Professor Narayan Sethi from the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at NIT Rourkela said that strengthening internet access, promoting renewable energy, and improving digital literacy are crucial for improving agricultural productivity in developing countries.
“The agricultural sector remains a major source of employment and income in developing countries like India, but it is also highly vulnerable to climate change. Governments should prioritise digital literacy, training in sustainable farming, and access to low-cost credit to support small and medium farmers,” Sethi said.
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He added that higher investment in renewable energy and ICT infrastructure could help build a stronger agri-food system that supports food security, economic growth, and environmental sustainability.
Research scholar Litu Sethi, a co-author of the study, said that integrating digital tools with renewable energy could create long-term benefits for farmers. “Sustainable agricultural practices can enhance socio-economic conditions while protecting the environment. Governments should invest in ICT infrastructure, promote renewable energy use, and expand digital literacy through targeted training programmes,” he said.
The study suggests that simple technological interventions, such as mobile-based weather alerts, online marketplaces, and solar-powered irrigation systems, can improve efficiency and resilience for rural farmers. It also recommends that governments work with renewable energy firms and telecom providers to expand access in remote areas.
The research aligns with India’s ongoing policy initiatives, such as the Digital Agriculture Mission and the PM-KUSUM Scheme, which promote the adoption of clean energy and technology in farming. As India looks to feed an estimated 1.7 billion people by 2050 while addressing climate challenges, the study highlights that bridging the digital divide and scaling renewable energy adoption will be key to ensuring agricultural sustainability.
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